In both cases, I assume that it is the presence of begin/end line qualifiers that stops the regex from backtracking and matching any as .*(?!system) does.
No, they ask for different things. It's not the anchor that is helping.

The regex /^.*(?!system)/ says "does there exist some number of characters which is not immediately followed by 'system'?". And yes, there are many such solutions in strings such as "infosystem". The letter "i" is not followed by system. The letters "in" are not followed by system. The letters "inf" are not followed by system, and so on.

However, /^(?!.*system)/ says "starting from the beginning of the string, do I fail to match any sequence of characters followed by 'system'?". So, if the inner match fails, the outer match succeeds, and that's exactly what we want. Not that without the anchor, the outer start point could move all the way past the "s" in system, and then the inner match would fail causing the outer match to succeed. So the anchor is still needed.

-- Randal L. Schwartz, Perl hacker
Be sure to read my standard disclaimer if this is a reply.

In reply to •Re: Re: Re: Backtracking problem with .*(?!bar) by merlyn
in thread Backtracking problem with .*(?!bar) by olivierp

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