Your function outputs don't quite match your expected results, but I left them for you to sort out (apart from round which was a bit verbose :).

#! perl -lw
use strict;

my %funcs = (
    power => sub { return exp( $_[0] ) },
    log2  => sub { return log( $_[0] )/log(2.0) },
    loge  => sub { return log( $_[0] ) },
    log10 => sub { return log( $_[0] )/log(10.0) },
    round => sub { return int( $_[0] + $_[ 0 ] < 0 ? -0.5 : 0.5 ) },
    trunc => sub { return int($_[0]) },
    f1    => sub { return sprintf "%.1f", $_[0] },
    f2    => sub { return sprintf "%.2f", $_[0] },
    f3    => sub { return sprintf "%.3f", $_[0] },
    f4    => sub { return sprintf "%.4f", $_[0] },
    f5    => sub { return sprintf "%.5f", $_[0] },
);

my @ops = map{ 
    m[^[-+](.*)] && exists $funcs{ $1 }
        ? $funcs{ $1 }
        : ()
}  @ARGV;
undef @ARGV;

while (<> ) {
    chop;
    my( $row, @in ) = split;
    print "$row ", join " ", map{ 
        my $val = $_;
        $val = $_->( $val ) for @ops;
        $val;
    } @in;
}

__END__
P:\test>perl 391141.pl -power
1 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 2
1 1 1 1 2.71828182845905 2.71828182845905 2.71828182845905 7.389056098
+93065 7.38905609893065
2 1 2 0 1 0 0 0 1
2 2.71828182845905 7.38905609893065 1 2.71828182845905 1 1 1 2.7182818
+2845905
3 2 3 4 5 6 0 1 2
3 7.38905609893065 20.0855369231877 54.5981500331442 148.413159102577 
+403.428793492735 1 2.71828182845905 7.38905609893065
^Z

P:\test>perl 391141.pl -power -trunc
1 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 2
1 1 1 1 2 2 2 7 7
2 1 2 0 1 0 0 0 1
2 2 7 1 2 1 1 1 2
3 2 3 4 5 6 0 1 2
3 7 20 54 148 403 1 2 7
^Z
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