Given there are probably going to be rotation and x-y registration issues it seems to me that reducing the problem from 2 dimensions to a single dimension vector may work very swell in practice. It is easier to explain in code but the guts of the idea is simple. No matter how rotated or displaced, any planar figure (and the points define such a figure) will have a constant geometric centroid. Each point will have a constant distance from this centriod in one dimensional space regardless of rotation or displacement. We can use this to generate a very useful vector. We can also make the matching as precise of fuzzy as desired.

use constant X => 0;
use constant Y => 1;

my @points1   = ( [1,1], [2,2], [3,3] );     # a line like /
my @points2   = ( [2,1], [3,2], [4,3] );     # a line like / displaced
+ R
my @points3   = ( [1,1], [2.41,1], [3.82,1]);# a line like -
my @template  = ( [1,3], [2,2], [3,1] );     # a line like \

my $vp1 = vector(\@points1,2);
my $vp2 = vector(\@points2,2);
my $vp3 = vector(\@points3,2);
my $vt  = vector(\@template,2);
print "@$vp1\n@$vp2\n@$vp3\ntemplate\n@$vt\n";

sub vector {
    my ($points, $precision) = @_;
    $precision ||= 10;
    # calculate the geometric centroid
    my ( $cx, $cy ) = (0,0);
    for (@$points) {
        $cx += $_->[X];
        $cy += $_->[Y];
    }
    $cx /= @$points;
    $cy /= @$points;
    
    # map the 1 dimensional distance of all points from centroid
    # using simple pythagorean geometry
    my @vector = map{ sqrt(($cx-$_->[X])**2 + ($cy-$_->[Y])**2) } @$po
+ints;
    
    # fuzzify to desired precision and sort to create finished vector
    my $template = "%.${precision}f";
    @vector = map{ sprintf $template, $_ } sort { $a <=> $b } @vector;
  return \@vector;
}
__DATA__
0.00 1.41 1.41
0.00 1.41 1.41
0.00 1.41 1.41
template
0.00 1.41 1.41
[download]

So in one dimensional space our vector tells us that the 3 lines all match the template. The effects of rotation and displacement have been removed. You can also deal with scaling simply by using normalisation.

Matching the single dimension vector against a template set can be achieved in many ways. Stringifying the vector at a reliable precision and using a hash lookup against the template vectors is an obvious method.

This vector process has some caveats. For any given 1 dimensional vector there are an infinite number of 2 dimensional shapes that map to it. For example a vector of 1,1,1,1 in 1 dimensional space can represent any number of rectangles or a square in 2 dimensional space.

C = centroid

.       .           .         .          :      C      :
                         C
    C               .         .    

.       .
[download]

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