Here's a simple benchmark showing the differences on a sample program I wrote. I don't know how accurately it answers this question, but it gives an idea of the differences.
#!perl
use strict;
use warnings;
use Benchmark qw(:all);
my $foo;
timethese('50000000', {
'test_1' => sub { $foo = 1; },
'test_2' => sub { my $bar = 1; },
});
1;
__END__
fred@fishman ~ $ perl scope.pl
Benchmark: timing 10000000 iterations of test_1, test_2...
test_1: 0 wallclock secs ( 1.03 usr + 0.01 sys = 1.04 CPU) @ 96
+15384.62/s (n=10000000)
test_2: 2 wallclock secs ( 1.38 usr + 0.01 sys = 1.39 CPU) @ 71
+94244.60/s (n=10000000)
fred@fishman ~ $ perl scope.pl
Benchmark: timing 50000000 iterations of test_1, test_2...
test_1: 6 wallclock secs ( 5.19 usr + 0.01 sys = 5.20 CPU) @ 96
+15384.62/s (n=50000000)
test_2: 6 wallclock secs ( 6.51 usr + 0.00 sys = 6.51 CPU) @ 76
+80491.55/s (n=50000000)
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