The Unix-world got by for years with out a serious threads implementation because the underlying hardware was a uni-processor, and 'threaded' was merely another synonym for 'time-sliced'. That world-view changed with the advent of the graphics-support processor, to offload the image rendering computations from the CPU. The world is changing again with the appearance of (relatively) cheap multi-processors. Once you have real hardware support for parallel execution streams, you _have_ to have some way of handling the synchronization/communications problem.
If your problem is partitionable, with no inter-process interaction, you can throw multiple uni-processors at it. If it isn't partitionable, intra-process communications based on threads is manditory.
Consider your average large main-frame based organization, say My Bank, with over 5 Tbytes spinning and a 1% per month growth rate. Each second they have to support between five and fifteen thousand simultaneous transacations; each transaction can generate between 10 and 500 DB calls (mostly read disk accesses, but). Asynchrous I/O is the only way to go here, otherwise you get a end-to-end response time that is measured in fortnights.
Once upon a long time ago: ASP and JES3.... (Bring Back The Splat!)
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I Go Back to Sleep, Now.
OGB
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