He's using <> so the original text file is implicitly opened if given on the cmd line. I guess you already knew, but you may have just overlooked it.
To be sure, just take his code and modify it like thus:
#!/usr/bin/perl -l
my @file = <>;
print 0+@file;
Indeed
$ ./bar.pl data.txt
46
$ wc data.txt
46 36 346 data.txt
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