A group of 400 alternations is something Perl's regex engine can surely handle. Remember to
your lines, when it's possible they contain regex relevant chars (braces for example). Then you can have a look at
which will do the regex construction and optimize the result.
Personally I'd go for a hashed based solution and simply use the lines from "a" as keys for a hash to look up the contents of "b". Alternatively you can sort the lines and use a binary search algorithm.