Your analysis while good in theory is off in details.
Judging by a comparison with a development Perl, map will
always be about twice as slow. Probably because of all
of the lists you create, then having to internally do the
assignments to the hash.
However the slow-down you wondered at with 500 elements is
the effect of the quadratic slowdown in my note. The
problem is that the entire argument stack was getting moved
for each call of the block. The first time that takes work
n. The second n-1. The third n-2. etc. So it is
quadratic.
If you are willing to recompile Perl, there is a very
simple patch
available.
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