You only think that both versions of your code use the same variable, but the second version does not. What happens in fact is, that your sub print_summary uses the global variable $type ($main::type, to be verbose), while you later on declare a lexical variable $type. The strict pragma tells you about that, which is why you should use it:
use strict;
sub print_summary {
if ($type =~ /w/) {
print "Hello\n";
};
};
my $type = "w";
print_summary;
Here, Perl raises an error that you're using an undeclared variable $type in print_summary, which tells you that declaring the variable too late prevents Perl from seeing it.
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