IIUC
s/([[:alpha:]])/$hash{$1}||$1/ge;
I would also avoid capturing:
s/[[:alpha:]]/$hash{$&}||$&/ge;
but so many people dislike it, so I gave the one with capturing first. Of course tr is generally better suited for this kind of task, as explained in in perldoc perlop, but unfortunately the transliteration table is built at compile time, so you can not ionterpolate data into it. But you can adopt the eval workaround also described in perldoc perlop.
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