once you have assumed you have to use external storage, a sort based solution is not the most convenient anymore.
At least in theory, using a hash with on-disk storage (i.e. DB_File) is a better way with O(N) cost:
my @data = qw(foo bar foo bar bar doz);
use DB_File;
use File::Temp qw(tempfile);
my ($fh, $fn) = tempfile(UNLINK => 1);
tie my %u, 'DB_File', $fn, O_RDWR, 0600;
$u{$_} = undef for @data;
@data = keys %u;
print "@data\n";
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