What can be done to kill the stray thead and warn the user that a thread has gone on to la-la-land? Is there a way to terminate this thread?

Threads cannot be cancelled directly. However, if you install threads v1.27 or higher (obtain the latest version from CPAN), you can send a signal to a thread so that it can then terminate itself (say by calling die). Be sure to read the caveats in the Thread Signalling section of the POD.

Here is a working example that should give you an idea of what you need to do:

#!/usr/bin/perl

use strict;
use warnings;
no warnings 'threads';

use threads 1.27;
use threads::shared;
use Thread::Queue;

### Global Variables ###

# Flag to inform all threads that application is terminating
my $TERM :shared = 0;

# Used for timing out threads
my $TIMEOUT = 10;
my $TIMER = Thread::Queue->new();

# Used by threads to signal that they are done
my $DONE = Thread::Queue->new();


### Signal Handling ###

# Gracefully terminate application on ^C or 'kill'
$SIG{'INT'} = $SIG{'TERM'} =
    sub {
        print(">>> Terminating <<<\n");
        $TERM = 1;
    };

# This signal handler is called inside threads
#  that get cancelled by the timer thread
$SIG{'KILL'} =
    sub {
        my $tid = threads->tid();
        # Tell user we've been terminated
        printf("           %3d <- Killed\n", $tid);
        # Tell main thread that we're done
        $DONE->enqueue($tid);
        # Commit hari-kari
        die("Thread $tid killed\n");
    };


### Main Processing Section ###
MAIN:
{
    # Number of threads
    my $max_threads = (@ARGV) ? shift : 10;

    # Start timer thread
    threads->create('timer')->detach();

    # Do lots of work
    while (! $TERM) {
        # Start max threads
        for (my $needed = $max_threads - threads->list();
             $needed && ! $TERM;
             $needed--)
        {
            # New thread
            my $tid = threads->new(\&worker)->tid();
            # Add to timer queue
            $TIMER->enqueue($tid, $TIMEOUT);
        }

        # Join with threads as they finish
        while (! monitor_threads()) {
            sleep(1);
        }
    }

    # Wait for threads to finish
    while ((threads->list() > 0) && $TIMEOUT--) {
        sleep(1);
        monitor_threads();
    }

    # Kill and detach remaining threads
    foreach my $thr (threads->list()) {
        $thr->kill('KILL')->detach();
    }
    sleep(1);   # A moment of silence
}

print("Done\n");
exit(0);


### Thread Entry Point Subroutines ###

# A worker thread
sub worker
{
    # My thread ID
    my $tid = threads->tid();
    printf("Working -> %3d\n", $tid);

    # Do some work while monitoring $TERM
    my $sleep = 5 + int(rand(10));
    while (($sleep > 0) && ! $TERM) {
        $sleep -= sleep($sleep);
    }

    # Tell user we're done
    printf("           %3d <- Finished\n", $tid);
    # Tell main thread that we're done
    $DONE->enqueue($tid);
    return;
}


# The timer thread that monitors other threads for timeout
sub timer
{
    my %timers;   # Contains thread IDs and their remaining time

    # Loop until told to quit
    while (! $TERM) {
        # Check for new threads
        while (my $tid = $TIMER->dequeue_nb()) {
            # Decrement its timeout
            $timers{$tid} = $TIMER->dequeue() - 1;
        }

        sleep(1);

        # Check for timed out threads
        while (my ($tid, $timeout) = each(%timers)) {
            if ($timeout) {
                $timers{$tid}--;
            } else {
                # Cancel timed out threads, if still running
                if (my $thr = threads->object($tid)) {
                    $thr->kill('KILL');
                }
                delete($timers{$tid});
            }
        }
    }
}


### Helper Subroutines ###

# Join to threads that have finished processing
# Returns the number of threads joined
sub monitor_threads
{
    my $count = 0;

    while (my $tid = $DONE->dequeue_nb()) {
        threads->object($tid)->join();
        $count++;
    }

    return ($count);
}
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