There are 3 things you need to consider. First, the scrollregion will define how big the real Canvas actually is. Second, the -width and -height will specify how big the Scrolled window will be. ( Assuming the window it is packed in will allow it). Without a $mw->geometry(), the $mw will fill itself according to the widgets packed in it.
If you comment out the plus button, as below, you will see this. Placing a button directly into the canvas widget is wrong, you use a window. When you place it onto the canvas you get that weird sizing behavior. Don't do that. :-)
#!/usr/bin/perl -w
use Tk;
use strict;
my $mw = MainWindow->new;
#$mw->geometry('50x50'); #try this
my $c = $mw->Scrolled('Canvas',
-width => 200,
-height => 200,
-background =>'blue',
-scrollregion => [ 0, 0, 500, 500 ]
)->pack(-expand => -2, -fill => 'both');
$c->createRectangle(100, 100, 150, 150, -fill => 'yellow');
#my $plus = $c->Button(
# -text => ' + ',
# -command => sub {$c->scale("all", 0, 0, 2, 2); } );
# $plus->pack;
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