There's an O'Reilly book on Algorithms: Mastering Algorithms with Perl. I think it suits your desires well.

See also the review on books.perl.org.

As for language agnostic books, most people would recommend Donald Knuth, in particular the series "the Art of Computer Programming". Not the easiest of books, but probably the best you can get.

In reply to Re: Books on Data Structure and Algorithms by bart
in thread Books on Data Structure and Algorithms by clinton

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