my $text = "(a + 13) * (b - 10 ) / c";

# select all individual alpha characters
my @vars = ($text =~ /[a-zA-Z]/g);

# get uniques out of the array
my %hash;
map { $hash{$_}++ } @vars;
my @unique_vars = keys %hash;

[download]
Of course, this solution is based on the assumption that your variables are always going to be a single a-z character (based on your example). Also, a small side-benefit of this code is that the values of %hash will tell you how many times a particular variable was found in the equation.

---
It's all fine and dandy until someone has to look at the code.

In reply to Re: regular expression math equations by kwaping
in thread regular expression math equations by Anonymous Monk

Title:
Use:  <p> text here (a paragraph) </p>
and:  <code> code here </code>
to format your post, it's "PerlMonks-approved HTML":


  • Posts are HTML formatted. Put <p> </p> tags around your paragraphs. Put <code> </code> tags around your code and data!
  • Titles consisting of a single word are discouraged, and in most cases are disallowed outright.
  • Read Where should I post X? if you're not absolutely sure you're posting in the right place.
  • Please read these before you post! —
  • Posts may use any of the Perl Monks Approved HTML tags:
    a, abbr, b, big, blockquote, br, caption, center, col, colgroup, dd, del, details, div, dl, dt, em, font, h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6, hr, i, ins, li, ol, p, pre, readmore, small, span, spoiler, strike, strong, sub, summary, sup, table, tbody, td, tfoot, th, thead, tr, tt, u, ul, wbr
  • You may need to use entities for some characters, as follows. (Exception: Within code tags, you can put the characters literally.)
            For:     Use:
    & &amp;
    < &lt;
    > &gt;
    [ &#91;
    ] &#93;
  • Link using PerlMonks shortcuts! What shortcuts can I use for linking?
  • See Writeup Formatting Tips and other pages linked from there for more info.