Slightly modified/simplified it gives :
if ( /From:/ ) {
    s/^\w+\:(.*)$/$1/gs;
    push my @addr, Mail::Address->parse($_);
    $address = $addr[0]->address();  
    $debug_text .= "Found address at line $.: $string\n";
}

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I only use the fact that m// (ie //) and s// use $_ as default argument...
(So using $line is useless)

But what is $string ?

MIME::QuotedPrint is probably (one of) the answer(s) to your second question...

In reply to Re: quoted-printable, and ugly code by arhuman
in thread quoted-printable, and ugly code by philth

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