I don't know why, but I've always felt uncomfortable speaking of OOP as a programming paradigm (it was taught that way to me); rather it always seemed to me that perhaps OOD is a manner of abstraction that may apply to more than one programming paradigm.

The three main programming paradigms would obviously be "imperative", "logical" and "functional". Am I correct in believing that all three paradigms could host OOD practices ?

If that's the case, then we can say that the manner of abstraction is somewhat orthogonal to the operational semantics of the language:

• O'Haskell is an object-oriented abstraction library for Haskell.
• CLOS is an all-encompassing object system for Lisp.
• LogTalk and OL(P) are examples of object-oriented abstraction libraries for Prolog.

Languages usually aspire to one paradigm (exceptions include languages like OCaml which implement both "imperative" and "functional" semantics).

Within languages, programmers often find ways to express other paradigms within the paradigm of the host language:

• Monads and do-notation to implement "imperative" behaviour in Haskell ("functional").
• A logical programming library for Haskell.
• FunctionalJ is a library for "functional" programming in Java ("imperative").

Anyone have any thoughts on this?

-David

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