First of all, i will find the longest matching sequences possibile, which are in the following string xx, abc and ecd.
(I use the zero-width lookahead to avoid to reset pos)
Then I'll break those substrings in parts, if abc is repeated i suspect also bc is repeated, isn't it?
Then I'll count the repetitions of only those substrings: 
$s = 'xxaabcdabcabcecdecdxx';

$min_len = 2;
$min_rep = 2;
while($s=~/(.{$min_len,})(?=.*?\1)/g)
{
    for my $x (0..length $1) {
        @saw{ map {substr $1, $x, $_} $x+2..length $1 } = ();
    }
    pos($s) = pos($s) +1 -length $1; # fix
}
for (keys %saw)
{
        my $saw{$_} =()= $s=~/\Q$_/g;
        delete $saw{$_} if $saw{$_}<$min_rep;
}
____
a 4
ab 3
abc 3
bc 3
c 5
cd 3
d 3
e 2
ec 2
ecd 2
x 4
xx 2

[download]
The first loop find the repetitions, the second count them. if you want to get only 2 or more char substring, change $x+1 to $x+2.

Oha

Update: added regex quoting to the last re

Update: shorter and print in order of findings: 

while($s=~/(\w\w+)(?=.*?\1)/g)
{
        foreach $x (0..length $1) {
                map {
                        $y = substr $1, $x, $_;
                        $saw{$y}++ || do {
                                local pos $s = 0;
                                my $c=()= $s=~/\Q$y/g;
                                print "$y => $c\n";
                        }
                } ($x+1..length $1)
        }
        pos($s) = pos($s) +1 -length $1; # fix
}

[download]

Update: fix a bug in the above code, added a pos() relocation (see #fix)

In reply to Re: how to count the number of repeats in a string (really!) by oha
in thread how to count the number of repeats in a string (really!) by blazar

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