Looks like you need to install the C header files.

Try 

sudo apt-get install linux-headers-`uname -r` build-essential

[download]

Before you go messing with Inline::C I suggest you make sure you can compile a basic C program off the command line. Can you compile hello world?

In reply to Re: Problems with Inline::C on Ubuntu by tachyon-II
in thread Problems with Inline::C on Ubuntu by Dr. Mu

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