It's better to give XML::Simple a few hints so that it creates a datastructure that's consistent and fine to work with.

use strict;
use warnings;
use XML::Simple;

my $xml_raw = <<XML_RAW;
<survey>
...
</survey>
XML_RAW

my $data = XMLin($xml_raw, ForceArray => [qw(river fish)], KeyAttr => 
+[]);

foreach my $Animal (@{$data->{animals}{fish}}) {
    print <<"*END*";
[ Survey information for: $Animal->{name} ]:

Saltwater:$Animal->{saltwater}
Freshwater:$Animal->{freshwater}
Rivers covered in survey:

*END*
    for (@{$Animal->{river}}) {
        print $_, "\n";
    }
    print "\n";
}
[download]

or you could use XML::Rules and print the report as the file is being parsed:

use strict;
use warnings;
use XML::Rules;

my $xml_raw = <<XML_RAW;
<survey>
...
</survey>
XML_RAW

my $parser = XML::Rules->new(
    stripspaces => 7,
    rules => {
        _default => '',
        river => 'content array',
        fish => sub {
            print <<"*END*";
[ Survey information for: $_[1]->{name} ]:

Saltwater:$_[1]->{saltwater}
Freshwater:$_[1]->{freshwater}
Rivers covered in survey:

*END*
            for (@{$_[1]->{river}}) {
                print $_, "\n";
            }
            print "\n";
        },
    }
);
$parser->parse($xml_raw);
[download]

or

my $parser = XML::Rules->new(
    stripspaces => 7,
    rules => {
        _default => '',
        river => sub {'.river' => "$_[1]->{_content}\n"},
        fish => sub {
            print <<"*END*";
[ Survey information for: $_[1]->{name} ]:

Saltwater:$_[1]->{saltwater}
Freshwater:$_[1]->{freshwater}
Rivers covered in survey:

$_[1]->{river}
*END*
        },
    }
);
$parser->parse($xml_raw);
[download]

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