If you put \xd1 on the command line, your program will see that literally. In order to match it literally, you have to say
use constant HEXD1 => "\\xd1";
Or something like that. You're right that the code is a little strange. I think you'll find it much simpler to say:
# from the command line
perl d1
perl d3
# in the code
my $arg = hex(shift @ARGV);
update: almut is absolutely correct, that should read
my $arg = chr(hex(shift @ARGV));
or even
my $arg = chr hex shift;
... but I didn't want to obsfuscate the code unnecessarily (shift of what?)
• another intruder with the mooring in the heart of the Perl
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