First of all, there are no "predefined" variables. All variables can be interpolated. The replace expression in a string literal like any other.
s/.../...$foo.../g;
But you want to have Perl code in the replace expression. That's actually possible too. Using /e, the replace expression is treated as a Perl expression.
s/.../$sentenceCount++; foo()/eg;
$sentenceCount doesn't seem to make much sense with s///, though.
$sentenceCount++ while /.../g;
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