See IM examples..quantize and Perl-Magick for the Perl translations. 
use Image::Magick;
my $img = Image::Magick->new;
$img->Read('./img.jpg' );

#before
$img->Identify();

$img->Quantize( colors => 18 );
$img->Set( type => 'Palette' );

#after
$img->Identify();

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In reply to Re: Reading an image palette by zentara
in thread Reading an image palette by leocharre

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