"." is string concatenation. Not what you want.
If you were dealing with hashes directly, you'd do
%x = ( %x, bar => "def", baz => "ghi" );
or better yet
@x{qw( bar baz )} = ( "def", "ghi" );
But you're dealing with references to hash, so you simply need to dereference first as per Dereferencing Syntax.
%$x = ( %$x, bar => "def", baz => "ghi" );
@$x{qw( bar baz )} = ( "def", "ghi" );
Update: Ah shoot! I had @x[...] where I should have had @x{...}. Fixed.
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