For complicated regexes, you should use the same advice you would for complicated code, break it up. For something this large, I would definitely use the x modifier to allow ignoring whitespace and comments. You also want to be more specific in your matches where possible.
my $log_pattern = qr{
^
([\s.]+) \s # match the IP address
- \s - \s # ignore these fields
\[([^]]+)\] # here's probably where your problem was
...
}x;
Following the lead above, you should be able to construct the rest of the expression.
You might also want to check out Apache::LogRegex. I've never used it, but it looks like it might solve your problem.
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