In this case, because STDOUT was made "hot" by setting $| to 1, perl flushed its buffer to the system every time "\n" was written.
That's not quite true. By setting $| to 1, Perl flushes the buffer every time anything is written. There are three states, not two:
$ strace perl -e'$|=0; print for "a", "b\n", "c\n"' >/dev/tty
write(1, "ab\n", 3) = 3
write(1, "c\n", 2) = 2
$ strace perl -e'$|=0; print for "a", "b\n", "c\n"' >/dev/null
write(1, "ab\nc\n", 5) = 5
$ strace perl -e'$|=1; print for "a", "b\n", "c\n"'
write(1, "a", 1) = 1
write(1, "b\n", 2) = 2
write(1, "c\n", 2) = 2
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