For the first question, read further. "The range operator (in list context) makes use of the magical auto-increment algorithm if the operands are strings."
For the second question, you got bitten by the side-effect of an optimisation. Constant ranges are expanded into a list at compile-time. You modified this list, affecting future use of it. Workaround:
for ('a'..'f') {
my $letter = $_; # Make modifiable copy
...
}
Update: Misunderstood the first question
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