So, to "just know" is it a matter of being familiar with different character encoding sets and the context of the document in question (for example, a text file created with vi on my machine, an email from China, or a Word attachment from Zimbabwe)?
I took at look at this page http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Character_encoding most of that is fairly familiar to me. It did add a little to the confusion that latin1 or us-ascii wasn't mentioned on that page (ok, I know Wiki is not the definitive source).
I suppose like anything else, experience is valuable. So after this, I guess I know a little more.
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