I would just go ahead and make this an explicit loop like below rather than messing with the do{} construction. Also your example just has letters. If that's what you really have instead of multi-character tokens, there is an easier way to do this with tr as shown below.
#!/usr/bin/perl -w
use strict;
$|=1; #autoflush so die comes out in right printout order
#(after the prints)
my @allowed = split '', 'abcdefghijklmno';
my %testHash;
@testHash{@allowed}=();
my @test = split '', 'acbbedfydaccd';
#die "Unknown char! \n" unless exists $testHash{$_} for (@test);
foreach (@test)
{
print "Unknown char! $_ \n" unless exists($testHash{$_});
}
####### another way #########
###### use tr to count characters not in the set of allowed
my $test = 'acbbedfydaccdy';
my $errors = $test =~ tr/abcdefghijklmno//c;
print "\nerrors = $errors\n";
print "test=$test\n";
die "died Unknown character\n" if ( $test=~tr/abcdefghijklmno//c );
__END__
Unknown char! y
errors = 2
test=acbbedfydaccdy # I added another y at end for testing
died Unknown character
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