Your very attempt to limit
$checksum to 32-bits is causing an overflow.
& forces its arguments into native ints, and the pre-limiting value of
$checksum doesn't fit into one.
$ perl -le'print $ARGV[0] & 0xFFFFFFFF' 1000000000
1000000000
$ perl -le'print $ARGV[0] & 0xFFFFFFFF' 10000000000
4294967295
Use a floating point operation.
Replace
$checksum = $checksum & 0xFFFFFFFF;
with
$checksum %= 2**32;
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