Given the points about floating point numbers that other Monks have mentioned, there's a few points I'd like to raise:

• Why are you taking the cosine of 100 million radians? I cannot think of any valid reason for doing that.
• Why do you care that the answer has an error of 1 part in 1,000,000,000,000?
• Why do you assume that it's perl that has the wrong answer?

Finally, my 64-bit perl running on AMD gives:

$ perl -le 'printf "%.55f\n", cos(100_000_000.0)'
-0.3633850893556905270465051671635592356324195861816406250
[download]

Thus proving that Perl >> Java >> C++, AMD >> Intel and that Thursday is the new pink :-)

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