This seems to work if you don't let the engine give any spaces back by switching off backtracking.
$ perl -le '
> print
> qq{->$_<-: },
> m{(?x) ^ (?: \z | (?> \s* ) \D ) }
> ? q{matches}
> : q{no match}
> for q{}, q{12ab}, q{cat}, q{ 99balloons}, q{ dog};'
-><-: matches
->12ab<-: no match
->cat<-: matches
-> 99balloons<-: no match
-> dog<-: matches
$
I hope this is of interest.
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