CGI stands for "Common Gateway Interface". All web pages deal
with this protocol. The implementation language does not matter!! CGI is the way that
web gizmos interact, that is pretty much it!
Anyway CGI is a protocol, not a language and it
is not Perl or Java specific.
Perl is great at implementing dynamic web pages from the server
end. By "dynamic", I assume you mean that the content of the
web page that is sent to the user varies. This can be done in many
languages, Perl and Java are just two of them.
Do a "google" on CGI and
you will see lots of links to explain this: http://hoohoo.ncsa.illinois.edu/cgi/ is
an old link, but shows up at the top of the list. I looked at the Wiki entry for CGI and
did not find it particularly satisfying although the reference links are good.
There are all sorts of frameworks that enable Perl server applications to
be written easier. There are server side tools that can improve the performance of
both Java and Perl web applications (fastCGI for Perl is just one of them).
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