You can do it without for(each) but not without a loop (effectively).
The example below uses implicit loop of map (preserves both input arrays).
use strict;
my @a = qw(10 20 30);
my @b = qw( 1 2 3);
# without 'for' (implicit loop)
my @diff = map { $a[$_] - $b[$_] } 0..$#a;
print "@diff\n"; # 9 18 27
# well, without a loop, but probably not useful in the general case...
+ ;-)
print join(" ", $a[0]-$b[0], $a[1]-$b[1], $a[2]-$b[2]), "\n";
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