The reason is that you're using a character class which says "match at least 1 of anything in the class" so any string with a dot, a digit or a '-' sign in it will
match be (incorrectly) satisfied in the in the
if ...
I suspect you are after something a little more forceful:
$long !~ /^([\-]*[\d]+[\.]*[\d]*)$/
(character classes are only left in for improving readability...)
This regex says: a leading "-" sign is optional, but must then have at least 1 digit, followed by an optional dot (to cater for cases where $long might equal an integer or 0) followed by optional digits...
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