An array would be better suited than a hash since we're dealing with non-negative integer indexes. 

my @fib = ( 0, 1 );
sub fib {
    my $n = shift;
    return ( $fib[ $n - 1 ] ||= fib($n - 1) )
         + ( $fib[ $n - 2 ] ||= fib($n - 2) );
}

[download]

Sub calls are expensive in Perl, and there's no need for recursion here, so let's eliminate them: 

my @fib = ( 0, 1 );
sub fib {
    my $n = shift;
    $fib[$_] = $fib[$_-2] + $fib[$_-1] for @fib..$n;
    return $fib[$n];
}

[download]

In reply to Re^2: how to speed up program dealing with large numbers? by ikegami
in thread how to speed up program dealing with large numbers? by Solarplight

Title:
Use:  <p> text here (a paragraph) </p>
and:  <code> code here </code>
to format your post, it's "PerlMonks-approved HTML":


  • Posts are HTML formatted. Put <p> </p> tags around your paragraphs. Put <code> </code> tags around your code and data!
  • Titles consisting of a single word are discouraged, and in most cases are disallowed outright.
  • Read Where should I post X? if you're not absolutely sure you're posting in the right place.
  • Please read these before you post! —
  • Posts may use any of the Perl Monks Approved HTML tags:
    a, abbr, b, big, blockquote, br, caption, center, col, colgroup, dd, del, details, div, dl, dt, em, font, h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6, hr, i, ins, li, ol, p, pre, readmore, small, span, spoiler, strike, strong, sub, summary, sup, table, tbody, td, tfoot, th, thead, tr, tt, u, ul, wbr
  • You may need to use entities for some characters, as follows. (Exception: Within code tags, you can put the characters literally.)
            For:     Use:
    & &amp;
    < &lt;
    > &gt;
    [ &#91;
    ] &#93;
  • Link using PerlMonks shortcuts! What shortcuts can I use for linking?
  • See Writeup Formatting Tips and other pages linked from there for more info.