As others have alluded, you might want to look into the param() function, but the exact answer to your question is:
#!/usr/bin/perl -w
use strict; #Trust us
use CGI;
my $query = CGI::new;
my %data = $query->Vars();
This will work if the input came in from STDIN or via a webserver.
(Note: Masem above uses the same function in a scalar context to get a reference ($data). Used in a list context, Vars() will return a hash, which is what you asked for. Masem's solution is better if you intend to pass the data to subroutines, they work equally well if you treat them as global variables.)
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