You have a point. What I suspect it's happening is the following:

• in the INSERT, Perl does the string-to-double conversion and provides MySql with it. In turn, MySql coerces this value to comply with the FLOAT(8,6) definition set by the OP
• in the first SELECT, either MySql's definition of the provided numbers kicks in, or some kind of string comparison is performed and makes the test pass. In either case we're confronting the provided values with the coerced value;
• in the second SELECT, Perl does the string-to-double conversion and provides MySql with it. In turn, this time MySql does NOT apply the FLOAT coercion as in the INSERT, but goes straight to the comparison (possibly upgrading the "limited" float to the same "size" of the provided value, like when you do this kind of comparisons in C)

The bottom line remains moritz's: floats and exact comparisons have to be specifically dealt with.

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