I write this in case anyone else runs into this. First, thank you all for working on this. The data I pasted to show the problem was actual data, but the strings in it were shortened for clarity.
As for the final solution, I upgraded Text-CSV_XS from 0.67 to 0.73. It did not seem to help at first, but after I rebooted I cannot get it to fail. This has driven me half crazy.
Again, thanks.