I having a problem dear mighty monk. I am trying to wrote a website using perl in Apache server. that i need user to login with password to login to the server. and when logout/signout button (like most of the email system does) press how can i make all the previous page to be expires. i had use the "expires" in print header. but when i copy the whole http://.... id number..etc from the browser address, and then press enter. It still can direct me back to the page- To the page where actually i need to login only can view. I think i have abit misunderstanding with the 'expires'. So what can i do after the user have logout, and when the address of the page that visited is copy down and retyping in the browser address bar will be no longer accessable without login again. Do i really need cookies or is that any other way, coz i not fimiliar with the cookies stuff. Thank for the response, Thank you