$catreg = "^(<[A-Za-z0-9]+>)*<H1>(<[A-Za-z0-9]+>)*([A-Za-z0-9]+)";
[download]

This places the characters on the right hand side of the equals sign and between the " into a variable called $catreg.

if ( m!$catreg! ) {
[download]

This line is a conditional test. IF the bit between the ( ) is true then the block following the condition will be evaluated - this block goes from { to }.

To simplify m!foo! is a regular expresion that will match any string that contains the letters 'foo' in that order.

In your case we have m!$catreg! When perl sees the $catreg it looks to see what the variable catreg contains and uses this content in the regular expression. Thus you are looking for a match like this:

m!^(<[A-Za-z0-9]+>)*<H1>(<[A-Za-z0-9]+>)*([A-Za-z0-9]+)!
[download]

Note we are matching against the unspecified default value for regex matches which is stored in the magical $_ variable. In english this reads as follows:

              # the lack of a $var =~ here indicates
              # that we are matching against $_
m             # this is a match regex
!             # we define the extent of the regex using a !
^             # starting at the begining of the string
(             # grouping and capturing opening bracket
<             # matches this charachter '<'
[A-Za-z0-9]+  # match any number of alphanumerics in a row
>             # match a literal '>'
)             # closing bracket
              # the match between brackets captures to $1
*             # accept 0 or more of the preceeding stuff
              # but note only first match captured into $1
              # within the brackets
<H1>          # match a literal '<H1>'

(<[A-Za-z0-9]+>)* # same as first but captures into $2
                  # the first '<alphanumeric>' sequence
([A-Za-z0-9]+)    # matches sequential alphanumerics and
                  # captures all into $3
!                 # end of regex
[download]

I'm afraid that this regex does not do anything like what you think it does. It's results are complex, I suggest you try this sample code. Play with the value of $_ to see what I mean.

$catreg = "^(<[A-Za-z0-9]+>)*<H1>(<[A-Za-z0-9]+>)*([A-Za-z0-9]+)";

$_="<a><b><H1><c><d>foo";

if ( m!$catreg! ) {
    print "Matched \$1:$1 \$2$2 \$3$3\n";
} else {
    print "No Match\n";
}
[download]

If you want to capture the text between <H1> and </H1>,regardless of whether they are <h1> and </h1> then this will work.

$_='<h1>foo</h1>blah<H1>bar</H1>more blah';

while (m!<h1>(.*?)</h1>!ig) {
    print "Found $1\n";
}
[download]

tachyon

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