I am attempting to initialize the values of keys of hashes from a single hash. Instead of all the hashes being initialized by value, the values are all references to the same hash, which I don't want. What is the best way to set up all the hashes with the same structure/values of the one hash without just passing reference? In the example below, I would like the values of hash3 and hash4 to be the key/value pairs of hash1 and hash2. However, what I am getting is the values are being set to references, which means I cannot change the values of hash3 and hash4 independently.
use warnings; my %hash1 = ( bush => "A", tree => "A" ); my %hash2 = ( dog => "A", cat => "A" ); my %hash3 = ( plants => \%hash1, animals => \%hash2 ); my %hash4 = ( plants => \%hash1, animals => \%hash2 ); print "$hash3{plants}{bush}\n"; print "$hash4{plants}{bush}\n"; print "\n"; $hash4{plants}{bush}="B"; print "$hash3{plants}{bush}\n"; print "$hash4{plants}{bush}\n";

In reply to Initial Hash of Hash by value by Anonymous Monk

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