Also, I still don't understand why the 'wrong' version creates the data structure that it does. Any thoughts on that one?
use strict;
use warnings;
use 5.010;
use Data::Dumper;
my @arr = ();
$arr[3] = 40;
say Dumper(\@arr);
--output:--
$VAR1 = [
undef,
undef,
undef,
40
];
And from the Data::Dumper docs:
... duplicate references to substructures within $VARn will be appropriately labeled using arrow notation.
The second element of your $VAR1 array is a duplicate reference, and instead of bothering to print it out again, Data::Dumper essentially says, "If you want to see what the second element looks like, go look at the first element, $VAR1->[0], because I won't be bothered trying to format that pretty output again.
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