Backlog is the maximum number of established connections (i.e. handshake was completed) that may be placed in accept(2) queue. On BSD (and Linux) value 0 is actually means 1, so here you already have a problem, there's always one place in the queue. But even if all places in queue are taken TCP continues accepting connection requests, it doesn't reject them. Consider following example server: 

use 5.010;
use strict;
use warnings;

use Socket;

socket my $sock, PF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, getprotobyname("tcp");
bind $sock, sockaddr_in(7777, INADDR_ANY);
listen $sock, 0;
while (accept my $cli, $sock) {
    sleep 60;
}

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Now, if I try to establish four simultaneous connections to this server using netcat from different terminals: 

nc localhost 7777

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all this connections will be accepted. Here's what netstat shows me: 

$ sudo netstat -tanp | grep -v LISTEN | grep 7777
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:7777          127.0.0.1:44394         SY
+N_RECV    -
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:7777          127.0.0.1:44396         SY
+N_RECV    -
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:44394         127.0.0.1:7777          ES
+TABLISHED 4384/nc
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:7777          127.0.0.1:44390         ES
+TABLISHED 3992/perl
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:44390         127.0.0.1:7777          ES
+TABLISHED 4382/nc
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:7777          127.0.0.1:44392         ES
+TABLISHED -
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:44396         127.0.0.1:7777          ES
+TABLISHED 4385/nc
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:44392         127.0.0.1:7777          ES
+TABLISHED 4383/nc

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As you can see on the client side all connections are in ESTABLISHED state. From the server side one connection (from port 44390) was ESTABLISED and accepted, another connection (from port 44392) ESTABLISHED but not yet accepted, it is in accept queue, and two more connections are in SYN_RECV state, that means that server sent SYN-ACK to client, but ignoring ACKs from client till there will be a place in the accept queue (just wait a minute).

PS: ISBN 0201633469 is highly recommended.

In reply to Re: TCP server: How to reject connections when busy? by zwon
in thread TCP server: How to reject connections when busy? by squirrel

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