can we use them with datatypes that are not shared?

No. Only non-shared scalars which get copied.

It isn't logical to queue shared datatypes between threads as they can already be seen by all threads. At least all threads that were spawned after they came into existance.(*)

If I want to pass an array or hash between threads, then I join it to form scalar and split it at the receiver:

use threads;
use Thread::Queue;

my $Q = new Thread::Queue;

async {
    while( $Q->dequeue ) {
        my @array = split $; $_;
        ...
    }
}->detach;

my @array = 1 .. 10;
$Q->enqueue( join $;, @array );

...
[download]

And:

use threads;
use Thread::Queue;

my $Q = new Thread::Queue;

async {
    while( $Q->dequeue ) {
        my %hash = split $; $_;
        ...
    }
}->detach;

my %hash = 'a' .. 'z';
$Q->enqueue( join $;, %hash );

...
[download]

(*)Subject to visibility.)