1. chr() returns characeter not bytes.(silly me)

While "bytes" and "characters" is a useful mental image, it's not always correct. The operation defines the context. For example uc interprets a string as text no matter what, whereas print interprets a string as bytes (if it can)

The real problem is that the byte 0xe9 cannot be decoded as UTF-8, because it isn't UTF-8. Either do nothing with it (which works on sufficiently modern perls), or decode it as Latin-1, because Latin-1 (aka ISO-8859-1) maps each byte exactly to the same codepoint number.

Note that instead of calling encode() on each output string, you can also set an IO layer which does it automatically: 

binmode STDOUT, ':encoding(UTF-8)';

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Or on the command line, you can set that up with the -C option: 

$ perl -CS -wE 'say chr hex "E9"'
é

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Perl 6 - second systems done right

In reply to Re: "ISO-8859-1 0x80-0xFF" and chr() by moritz
in thread "ISO-8859-1 0x80-0xFF" and chr() by remiah

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