A quick search of CPAN didn't turn up anything that looks like it deals with bitwise operators for symbolic algebraic manipulation, but for the simple example you give the following works:

use strict; use warnings; use Math::Algebra::Symbols; my $file = <<FILE; e = a & b; f = e | c; d = ~f; FILE open my $fIn, '<', \$file or die "Can't open file: $!\n"; my %subst; my $last; while (<$fIn>) { chomp; s/;$//; my ($lhs, $rhs) = split /\s*=\s*/, $_, 2; $rhs =~ s/(\w+)/exists $subst{$1} ? "($subst{$1})" : $1/ge; $subst{$lhs} = $rhs; $last = "$lhs = $rhs"; } print $last;

Prints:

d = ~((a & b) | c)
True laziness is hard work

In reply to Re: Searching and replacing using perl by GrandFather
in thread Searching and replacing using perl by ravimartha

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