You can create a regular expression from the $sample and then just match each option against it: 
#!/usr/bin/perl
use warnings;
use strict;
use feature 'say';

my $sample = "A-E-H-L";

my @options = ( "A-B-F-G-H-K-M",
                "A-E-G-H-L",
                "A-C-E-G-H-J-L",
                "B-F-H-K",
                "A-B-F-G-H-K-L",
                "C-H"
              );

my @search_for = split /-/, $sample;
my $re = '(?:^|-)'
         . join('(?:-|-.*-)', @search_for)
         . '(?:-|$)';

say for grep /$re/, @options;

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In reply to Re: Pattern Matching with a Selected Sub-String by choroba
in thread Pattern Matching with a Selected Sub-String by ozboomer

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