m/<=\s*(\S+)[^[]+\[([^\]]+)/
Here it is with nicer formatting and a basic explanation:
m/
<=\s*
(\S+) # Capture the email address following <=
[^[]+\[ # Skip to the first subsequent square bracket.
([^\]]+) # Capture until a closing bracket.
/x
You can tinker with it yourself here.
The email address will be in $1 and the IP will be in $2, following a successful match.
Update: Silly me for trusting the OP's spec. Kenosis mentioned to me that the exim record could, in addition to <= also contain any of ==, **, =>, *>, ->, and possibly some others. So the <= anchor is probably not ideal, but could be improved upon with (?:<=|==|\*\*|=>|\*>|=>) (plus whatever others are legal).
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