It seems as if your C code has a bug. You allocate an array of limit == 255 elements for table array. These elements would be indexed from 0 to 254. But you set

table[limit] = 0;
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which stomps on the memory location just after the end of the array. The bug would be fixed by mallocing an extra element:

char *table = (char *) malloc( (limit + 1) * sizeof(char) );
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Happily, Perl does not have these sorts of problems.